In her speeches, statements and interviews since her release from house arrest by the military Junta , Aung San Suu Kyi, the Myanmar pro-democracy leader, has already given some indication of her programme of action in the days and months to come—-rejuvenation of the National League For Democracy (NLD), her party, unification of the opposition forces, a campaign for the release of political prisoners, a campaign against the fradulent practices during the recent elections organized by the Junta, a non-violent struggle for achieving democracy without humiliating the Army and an initiative for national reconciliation.
Talking to a group of diplomats at Yangon on November 15, 2010, she is reported to have paid tributes to the countries that had steadfastly supported her and added that “she hoped that India would be more pro-active in future.” She and her supporters in Myanmar and abroad attach considerable importance to India’s support to their struggle for the establishment of democracy in Myanmar. India’s support will have considerable moral weight. It is their expectation that despite the availability of Chinese support and assistance, the Junta will not like to deprive itself of Indian support since it would feel uncomfortable in the total embrace of China. It needs Indian support in order to avoid too close a dependence on China.
Those familiar with the ruthless manner in which the Myanmar Army crushed the insurgencies of the pro-Beijing Communist Party of Burma (White Flag) and pro-China ethnic minority groups such as the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) will know that though the Army has accepted considerable assistance from China, it will not like Myanmar to become a client-state of China. For this, it requires Indian support and assistance and Indian blessing for its rule. There is goodwill for India in sections of the Army even though it will be difficult to quantify it.
Will this enable India to play a pro-active role in supporting the pro-democracy movement in that country? If so, how should India play this role?
Unfortunately, the Indian policy in Myanmar has swung from one extreme to another. Initially, India supported the pro-democracy forces led by Aung San Suu Kyi. Subsequently, alarmed by the Chinese inroads into Myanmar, India swung to the other extreme of total support to the military Junta. This meant maintaining a silence on the Junta’s suppression of the pro-democracy forces and its arrest and detention of Suu Kyi and its machinations to ensure that she can never come to power.
We may claim that though we were silent in public, we were taking up these issues in private with the Junta, but the pro-democracy forces do not believe us. Even if it is true that we were taking up these issues discreetly with the Junta, it did not have any impact on the Junta. It chose to ignore our private soundings just as it ignored the public reprimands and pressure of the West.
The Indian policy in Myanmar has swung from one extreme to another. Initially, India supported the pro-democracy forces led by Aung San Suu Kyi. Subsequently, alarmed by the Chinese inroads into Myanmar, India swung to the other extreme of total support to the military Junta.
We did the right thing in not supporting the West’s demonisation of the Junta and in keeping away from its policy of sanctions. At the same time, we ought to have tried a more nuanced policy of linking our support to the Junta to its taking the initiative for a reconciliation with the pro-democracy forces. We did not even explore the possibility of India playing the role of an intermediary between the Junta and the pro-democracy forces. While extending total economic support to the Junta, we should have politically tried to facilitate the process of reconciliation.
Our extending total political and economic support to the Junta came in the way of our playing a meaningful role. We came to be seen as no different from China in pursuing a policy of unconditional support to the Junta in total disregard of the sufferings and sensitivities of the Myanmar people. Our policy of total support to the Junta proved to be as detrimental to the interests of the Myanmar people as the West’s policy of unrelenting and disproportionate economic sanctions.